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High thermal strength: maintains high hardness and resistance to softening at 600 ℃.
Heat fatigue resistance: resistant to rapid cooling and heating, not easy to crack, suitable for die-casting/hot forging cycle working conditions.
Wear resistance+excellent toughness: Vanadium carbide is wear-resistant, with refined structure and impact resistance, and a lifespan 3-5 times that of ordinary mold steel.
Uniform organization: Forging and annealing eliminate anisotropy, resulting in consistent performance across large sections.
GB | JIS | ASTM | UNS | DIN | W-Nr. | ГOCT | SS |
4Cr5MoSiV1 | SKD61 | H13 | T20813 | X40CrMoV5-1 | 1.2344 | 4X5Mφ1C | 一 |
element | C | Si | Mn | Cr | V | Mo | S,P |
scope | 0.32~0.45 | 0.80~1.20 | 0.20~0.50 | 4.75-5.50 | 0.80~1.20 | 1.10~1.75 | ≤0.03 |
Tensile strength Rm (MPa) | Yield strength ReL (MPa) | Elongation A (%) | Impact toughness Akv ( J/cm² ) | hardness ( HRC ) |
600-750 | ≥ 450 | ≥ 15 | ≥ 40 | 48-52 |
Material preparation: Preferred electric slag remelting (ESR) steel ingots with high purity and minimal segregation; Avoid ordinary arc furnace materials.
Heating (prevent overheating/cracking)
Preheating: 800-900 ℃, sufficient heat transfer (poor thermal conductivity, high alloy strength).
Initial forging: Steel ingot at 1140-1180 ℃, steel billet at 1120-1150 ℃; ≤ 1200 ℃ to prevent overheating.
Forging operation (three upsetting and three pulling, multi-directional deformation)
Forging: 1050-1150 ℃; Final forging: 850-900 ℃ (≥ 850 ℃ to prevent cold cracking).
Deformation: repeated upsetting and elongation, total forging ratio ≥ 4 (high-quality ≥ 6); Crush inclusions, eliminate carbide segregation, and refine grain size.
Principle: Strike lightly, flip frequently, avoid sharp corners and stress concentration.
Cooling after forging+annealing
Cooling: Slow cooling (sand cooling/pit cooling), preventing transverse cracks in the core.
Spheroidization annealing: 850-890 ℃ for 3-4 hours, cooled in the furnace to below 500 ℃ and removed from the furnace; Obtain uniform spheroidized structure for easy machining and subsequent quenching.
Quenching: 1020-1050 ℃ insulation, oil/gas cooling; Good hardenability, can be hardened by air cooling.
Tempering: 540-620 ℃, 2-3 tempering cycles (to prevent temper brittleness); Commonly used at 560-600 ℃, HRC 48–52， Balancing toughness and thermal strength.
Die casting mold (core): Aluminum/magnesium/zinc alloy die casting mold (for automotive cylinder body, gearbox housing, motor housing), capable of withstanding metal liquid flushing and thermal cycling at 650-700 ℃, crack resistance, and long service life.
Hot forging dies: forging dies for automotive connecting rods, crankshafts, gears, bearing seats, etc; Hammer forging/precision forging die, hot punch, shear blade, resistant to impact and thermal fatigue.
Hot extrusion molds: aluminum/copper alloy profiles, pipe extrusion molds (extrusion cylinder, liner, mold core); Maintain dimensional stability and wear resistance at 450-500 ℃.
High end injection molds: fiberglass reinforced engineering plastics (PA66+GF, PC/ABS), hot runner molds, high-temperature resin molds; Highly polished, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant.
Other high-temperature tools: aviation titanium alloy forging dies, hot forging bolt molds, steel rolling guides, high-temperature punching blades, nuclear industry high-temperature components, etc.
