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04Cr13Ni5Mo is a super martensitic stainless steel specifically developed for high-performance hydraulic turbine runner center body forgings. As the core rotating component of impulse water turbine units, the runner center body forging is subjected to complex loading conditions and requires exceptional strength, high plasticity and toughness, fatigue resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
This super martensitic stainless steel is produced by refining the smelting process of conventional martensitic stainless steel, reducing carbon content, and adding nickel and molybdenum alloying elements, resulting in superior performance compared to conventional martensitic stainless steels.
Standard | Grade / Designation |
China GB/T | 04Cr13Ni5Mo / S41595 |
USA ASTM | A182 F6NM / UNS S41500 |
USA SAE | AISI 415 |
Germany DIN | 1.4313 / X3CrNiMo13-4 |
Europe EN | X3CrNiMo13-4 / 1.4313 |
Japan JIS | SUS F6NM / SCS6 |
ISO | X3CrNiMo13-4 |
Element | Weight % (ASTM A182 F6NM / EN 1.4313) |
Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.05% |
Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.60% |
Manganese (Mn) | 0.50 – 1.00% |
Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030% |
Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030% |
Chromium (Cr) | 11.50 – 14.00% |
Nickel (Ni) | 3.50 – 5.50% |
Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.50 – 1.00% |
The ultra-low carbon content inhibits grain boundary carbide precipitation, ensuring excellent weldability and resistance to intergranular corrosion. The Ni content elevates the martensite start (Ms) temperature to approximately 300°C, minimizing retained austenite after quenching while promoting reversed austenite formation during tempering—the key to achieving both high strength and toughness. Mo addition enhances pitting resistance and abrasion resistance against sediment erosion. The PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) is approximately 15-16, with corrosion resistance between 410 (1Cr13) and 304 stainless steels.
Our 04Cr13Ni5Mo runner center body forgings are delivered in the quenched and tempered (Q&T) condition, meeting and exceeding international standards:
Property | ASTM A182 F6NM Requirement | Our Typical Performance |
Tensile Strength Rm | ≥ 790 MPa (115 KSI) | 800 – 950 MPa |
Yield Strength Rp0.2 | ≥ 620 MPa (90 KSI) | ≥ 620 MPa |
Elongation A₅ | ≥ 15% | ≥ 15% |
Reduction of Area Z | ≥ 45% | ≥ 45% |
Hardness HBW | ≤ 295 | ≤ 295 |
Impact Energy KV₂ (-20°C) | ≥ 60 J | ≥ 60 J |
Grade | Rp0.2 (min) | Rm | Elongation | Impact (-20°C) |
QT650 | ≥ 650 MPa | 800 – 950 MPa | ≥ 15% | ≥ 60 J |
QT780 | ≥ 750 MPa | 900 – 1050 MPa | ≥ 15% | ≥ 50 J |
QT850 | ≥ 850 MPa | 1000 – 1150 MPa | ≥ 15% | ≥ 40 J |
Raw Material: High-purity electroslag remelted (ESR) ingots
Forging Equipment: Heavy-duty hydraulic press (up to 18,500 tons capacity
Forging Temperature Range: 950 – 1200°C
Process Control: Computer simulation using Forge software for temperature field, stress, strain, and deformation resistance analysis
Step 1: Post-Forging Heat Treatment
First Normalizing: 1030 – 1050°C, air cooling
Second Normalizing: 1010 – 1020°C, air cooling
Third Normalizing: 970 – 990°C, air cooling
Step 2: Quenching & Tempering (Performance Heat Treatment)
Austenitizing: 980 – 1020°C, air or forced air cooling
First Tempering: 550 – 590°C, 2-4 hours, air cooling
Second Tempering (optional for large-section forgings): 550 – 590°C
04Cr13Ni5Mo super martensitic stainless steel forgings are widely used in:
Runner Center Bodies for impulse water turbines (500 MW and above)
Runner Wheels for high-head, large-capacity hydroelectric units
Turbine Runners and Runner Blades
Nuclear Power: Reactor internals, hold-down springs
Petroleum & Chemical: Valves, flanges, fittings, and pressure vessels
Marine Engineering: High-strength corrosion-resistant components
Mining Equipment: Wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant parts
Pulp & Paper: High-temperature equipment
The material's combination of high strength, excellent low-temperature toughness, good corrosion resistance, and outstanding weldability makes it the material of choice for critical rotating components in demanding service environments.
All our 04Cr13Ni5Mo runner center body forgings undergo rigorous inspection and testing:
Test | Standard | Requirement |
Chemical Analysis | ASTM A751 | Per specification |
Tensile Testing | ASTM E8 / EN 10002-1 | Rm ≥ 790 MPa, Rp0.2 ≥ 620 MPa |
Impact Testing | ASTM E23 / EN 10045-1 | KV₂ ≥ 60 J at -20°C |
Hardness Testing | ASTM E10 | HBW ≤ 295 |
Ultrasonic Testing | ASTM A388 / EN 10228-3 | 100% inspection, zero defects |
Magnetic Particle Testing | ASTM E709 | No cracks permitted |
Grain Size | ASTM E112 | ≥ Grade 3.5 |
Inclusion Rating | ASTM E45 | Class D, Grade ≤ 1.0 |
What international standards does 04Cr13Ni5Mo correspond to?
04Cr13Ni5Mo corresponds to ASTM A182 F6NM / UNS S41500 (USA), DIN 1.4313 / X3CrNiMo13-4 (Germany), EN X3CrNiMo13-4 (Europe), and JIS SUS F6NM (Japan). All our forgings are manufactured and certified to these international standards.
What are the typical mechanical properties of this material?
Minimum mechanical properties per ASTM A182 F6NM are: Tensile Strength ≥ 790 MPa, Yield Strength ≥ 620 MPa, Elongation ≥ 15%, Reduction of Area ≥ 45%, Hardness ≤ 295 HBW, and Impact Energy ≥ 60 J at -20°C. Our forgings consistently exceed these requirements.
What heat treatment is applied to these forgings?
Our standard heat treatment consists of double normalizing (990°C + 960°C) followed by double tempering (550°C + 590°C), resulting in refined microstructure with grain size Grade 3.5 and excellent impact toughness.
What are the advantages of 04Cr13Ni5Mo over traditional martensitic stainless steels?
04Cr13Ni5Mo offers superior low-temperature toughness (maintaining ductility down to -60°C), better weldability due to ultra-low carbon content, improved corrosion resistance with PREN ≈ 15-16, and enhanced resistance to sediment erosion from Mo addition.
Is the material suitable for low-temperature applications?
Yes. 04Cr13Ni5Mo maintains excellent impact toughness at temperatures as low as -60°C, making it suitable for hydroelectric applications in cold climates.
Can you provide material test certificates?
Yes. We provide comprehensive material test reports (MTR) including chemical analysis, mechanical properties, hardness, impact test results, NDT reports, and dimensional inspection reports, all certified to EN 10204 Type 3.1 or 3.2 as required.
